Questions about how bicycle sensors measure speed and distance

We know that ordinary sports bicycles can be equipped with stopwatches. The user inputs the circumference of the wheel, and then measures the number of turns according to the sensor, so that the distance, speed, etc. can be measured. Introduction to sensors: https://www.utmel.com/blog/categories/sensors/what-are-the-commonly-used-anti-jamming-technologies-for-sensors